ENG-01 · Battery Intelligence
High
Wireless BMS
A representative engineering architecture for pack-level safety supervision, battery-state estimation, fault diagnostics, data logging, and wireless cell-monitor communication.
Read full referenceEngineering reference library · Consumer energy
Consumer Energy & Power Electronics PCBA Development
Eight reference architectures trace the power paths, sensing, embedded control, safety decisions, validation gates, and release work used in energy products.
ArchitectureEnergy paths, conversion stages, isolation, sensing, protection.
FirmwarePower states, diagnostics, metering, calibration, recovery.
ValidationEfficiency, safety, fault, thermal, lifecycle, and EMC.
ProductionDFM/DFT, calibration, programming, FCT, traceability.
Explore the reference architectures
Filter by application or search by function. Each reference outlines power paths, engineering risks and validation work to consider for a new energy product.
ENG-02 · Bidirectional Power
Very High
Bidirectional OBC / V2G
A representative high-voltage architecture for grid-to-battery charging and controlled battery-to-grid energy return using bidirectional power-factor correction and isolated DC conversion.
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ENG-03 · Portable Energy
High
230 W Power Bank
A representative portable-energy architecture for a high-output battery pack with protection, balancing, fuel gauging, multi-port power allocation, display control, and bidirectional fast charging.
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ENG-04 · Portable Energy
Very High
Portable Power Station
A representative high-energy platform integrating battery supervision, solar charging, AC charging and inversion, protected DC outputs, and coordinated thermal management.
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ENG-05 · Battery Intelligence
High
Battery Health Passport
A representative hardware foundation for lifecycle battery records, combining calibrated cell and temperature acquisition with SOC and SOH estimation, diagnostics, CAN communication, and local data logging.
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ENG-06 · Home Energy Monitoring
Medium–High
Appliance Health Plug
A representative connected outlet architecture for switching high-current appliances, measuring energy use, identifying abnormal operating patterns, and reporting diagnostics to a local or cloud application.
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ENG-07 · Backup Power
Medium–High
Network Mini UPS
A representative compact backup-power architecture for keeping routers, optical terminals, cameras, or other low-voltage network devices online during mains interruptions.
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ENG-08 · Home Energy Monitoring
High
AI Energy Monitor
A representative edge-measurement platform for high-rate whole-home energy sampling, appliance signature extraction, local processing, and secure wireless reporting.
Read full referenceApplication architecture matrix
What changes from one energy product to another
Battery voltage, power direction, isolation, sensing accuracy, connectivity, thermal density, and safe-state behavior determine the topology and verification plan.
Swipe horizontally to compare power paths, sensing, connectivity, and risk columns.
| Application family | Typical power path | Key sensing | Connectivity | Risk to close |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Battery intelligence | Cell monitors to BMS master and protected pack | Cell voltage, temperature, pack current | CAN, RF, Ethernet, USB, storage | Safety response, SOC/SOH accuracy, trusted records |
| Bidirectional power | Totem-pole PFC, DC link, isolated DAB | Grid, bus and battery voltage/current, temperature | CAN and grid-control interfaces | Isolation, switching loss, grid behavior, EMC |
| Portable energy | Buck-boost, MPPT, inverter and charger stages | Battery, port, bus and thermal state | USB-C PD, display, optional wireless | Power allocation, surge, heat, mode transitions |
| Home energy monitoring | Protected mains sensing, metering, relay or ADC chain | Voltage, current, phase, CT and temperature | Wi-Fi, local storage, cloud telemetry | Mains safety, calibration, privacy, classification |
| Backup power | Charger, battery power path, buck and boost rails | Cell, adapter, rail, load and fault state | Local indicators and DC interfaces | Transfer interruption, ripple, runtime, cell life |
From a reference power board to your product
Define electrical ratings, operating modes, fault responses and verification criteria for the intended battery, enclosure and thermal system. Include target-market requirements in the design and test plan.
Define the energy system
Confirm sources, loads, voltage and power range, battery chemistry, operating modes, environment, and target markets.
- Electrical requirement brief
- Energy-path and load table
- Safety and compliance targets
Build the architecture
Lock conversion stages, isolation, sensing, protection, thermal paths, control states, diagnostics, and service strategy.
- System and power block diagram
- Interface and protection matrix
- Firmware state and fault model
Prototype and validate
Use engineering samples, calibrated fixtures, fault injection, full-power tests, lifecycle cycles, and environmental checks.
- EVT / DVT engineering samples
- Efficiency, safety, and fault reports
- Thermal, EMC, and endurance evidence
Release for production
Complete DFM/DFT, approved BOM, calibration, programming, test limits, work instructions, and revision control.
- Gerber, BOM, firmware release
- Calibration, programming, and FCT package
- Revision-controlled handoff
Engineering support behind the examples
Specify the power-stage, sensing, firmware and protection requirements, then define how each will be tested. Agree the engineering scope, acceptance criteria and manufacturing deliverables before development starts.
Power electronics and sensing
- BMS, cell sensing, metering, and protected power trees
- PFC, DAB, inverter, MPPT, buck, boost, and charging stages
- Gate drive, isolation, magnetics, current and voltage acquisition
- Thermal, creepage, ESD, surge, and EMC planning
Control, estimation, and connectivity
- Power-state machines and deterministic fault recovery
- SOC, SOH, metering, calibration, and data logging
- CAN, USB-C PD, RF, Wi-Fi, storage, and OTA planning
- Device identity, secure update, and service diagnostics
Verification and production release
- Efficiency, safety, functional, and single-fault plans
- Thermal, power-cycle, battery, surge, and environmental validation
- DFM/DFT, calibration fixtures, programming, and FCT
- BOM, firmware, test-limit, label, and revision traceability
How to interpret the references
Visible board features are separated from inferred functions and project-specific requirements that still need schematic, BOM, firmware, sample, safety, and performance verification.
Reference scope and project verification
What the library demonstrates
Energy-system understanding, topology decomposition, safety and thermal risk identification, verification planning, and the engineering handoff needed for a custom PCBA program.
What it does not claim
Reference images and visible brands are used for technical analysis. They do not imply endorsement, affiliation, an existing customer project, verified certification, measured performance, or authorization to reproduce a commercial design. Trademarks belong to their respective owners.
Discuss your energy-product PCBA requirements
Share the voltage and power range, battery chemistry and topology, energy sources, output interfaces, thermal limits, target market, expected volume, and any existing schematic, mechanical, or compliance files. We will identify the architecture and validation questions to close first.
Compare additional battery-management, power-conversion, DFM, validation, and production-control examples in our PCBA engineering reference library.
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